EL VOTO: ¿OPCIONAL U OBLIGATORIO? ANÁLISIS TEÓRICO-FILOSÓFICO DE LA CUESTIÓN
Resumen
PALABRAS CLAVE: derechos; elecciones; sufragio; voto; democracia; Latinoamérica; voto opcional; voto obligatorio.
THE VOTE: ¿OPTIONAL OR MANDATORY? THEORETICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTION
ABSTRACT
The legitimacy of democratic systems is based on the election of the rulers, the participation of most citizens registered in the electoral roll. The term democracy refers to the fact that the dêmos (the people) have the krátos (in this case, the power) therefore, the greatest expression of this power is in the method of designation of the main authorities of the nation: cast the vote in elections whose purpose is to elect governments. This text investigates the optional-mandatory dichotomy that maintains a debate without consensus in society, since some authors consider that it is better to make it mandatory and others opt for optionality. The theories around the origin of democracy and the evolution of the right to vote over the centuries and from the notion of equality are analyzed, construct of such high complexity, which implies the universality of the vote. It is established that European democracies are almost all of optional vote, unlike the latin Americans, where in almost all of them it is mandatory with financial and administrative sanctions for non-compliance. Among the conclusions reached are that the mandatory nature of voting in Latin America is due to a tradition of authoritarian governance.
KEYWORDS: rights; elections; suffrage; vote; democracy; Latin America; optional vote; compulsory vote.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Nelson Clemente Calderón Ruiz

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